centos7 mysql数据库安装和配置

去年趁有优惠活动租了个腾讯云，之前搭了Wordpress，用了一段时间后感觉不太好用，还是转回Hugo了，然后这个服务器就一直闲置了，最近一段时间从各种途径得到了三本关于mysql的书，猛然发觉上次写sql已经是快三年前的事了，东西又快忘光了，遂准备把这三本书撸一遍，正好用这个服务器搭一个mysql，在服务器上练习。

系统环境

重装了一下系统，选的是最新的系统版本：

[ankang@VM_0_13_centos ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)

安装mysql

一般网上给出的资料都是

[ankang@VM_0_13_centos ~]$ sudo yum install mysql
[ankang@VM_0_13_centos ~]$ sudo yum install mysql-server
[ankang@VM_0_13_centos ~]$ sudo yum install mysql-devel

安装mysql和mysql-devel都成功，但是安装mysql-server失败，报错如下：

[ankang@VM_0_13_centos ~]$ sudo yum install mysql-server
[sudo] password for ankang:
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
No package mysql-server available.
Error: Nothing to do

查资料发现是CentOS 7 版本将MySQL数据库软件从默认的程序列表中移除，用mariadb代替了。

有两种解决办法：

方法一：安装mariadb

MariaDB数据库管理系统是MySQL的一个分支，主要由开源社区在维护，采用GPL授权许可。开发这个分支的原因之一是：甲骨文公司收购了MySQL后，有将MySQL闭源的潜在风险，因此社区采用分支的方式来避开这个风险。MariaDB的目的是完全兼容MySQL，包括API和命令行，使之能轻松成为MySQL的代替品。

安装命令如下：

[ankang@VM_0_13_centos ~]$ sudo yum install mariadb-server mariadb

mariadb的相关命令是：

systemctl start mariadb  #启动MariaDB

systemctl stop mariadb  #停止MariaDB

systemctl restart mariadb  #重启MariaDB

systemctl enable mariadb  #设置开机启动

所以先启动数据库

[ankang@VM_0_13_centos ~]$ sudo systemctl start mariadb

然后就可以正常使用mysql了，注意刚装好mysql的时候是没有密码的，所以提醒输入密码的时候，只需要敲一下回车就好了。

[ankang@VM_0_13_centos ~]$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 8
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

安装mariadb后显示的也是 MariaDB [(none)]> ，可能看起来有点不习惯。下面是第二种方法。

方法二：官网下载安装mysql-server

[ankang@VM_0_13_centos ~]$  wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
[ankang@VM_0_13_centos ~]$ sudo rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
[ankang@VM_0_13_centos ~]$ sudo yum install mysql-community-server

在mysql安装过程中如下内容：

Installed:
  mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.43-2.el7               mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.6.43-2.el7
  mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.43-2.el7                 mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.43-2.el7

Dependency Installed:
  mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.43-2.el7                     numactl-libs.x86_64 0:2.0.9-7.el7

Replaced:
  mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5         mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5
  mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5

Complete!

所以安装完以后mariadb自动就被替换了，将不再生效。

[ankang@VM_0_13_centos ~]$ rpm -qa |grep mariadb
[ankang@VM_0_13_centos ~]$

安装成功后重启mysql服务。

[ankang@VM_0_13_centos ~]$ sudo service mysqld restart

初次安装mysql，root账户没有密码。

[ankang@VM_0_13_centos ~]$ mysql -u root
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.43 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

设置密码

mysql> set password for root@localhost = password('xxx');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql>

不需要重启数据库即可生效。

配置mysql

1、编码

mysql配置文件为/etc/my.cnf

最后加上编码配置

[mysql]
default-character-set =utf8

这里的字符编码必须和/usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml中一致。

2、远程连接设置

把在所有数据库的所有表的所有权限赋值给位于所有IP地址的root用户。

[ankang@VM_0_13_centos ~]$ mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.6.43 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%'identified by 'xxxx';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

如果是新用户而不是root，则要先新建用户

mysql> create user 'username'@'%' identified by 'xxxxx';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

此时就可以进行远程连接了。

参考文章：https://www.cnblogs.com/starof/p/4680083.html